Old texts often make reference to units of measurement that have long since fallen into disuse. To help researchers put these measures into context, below is a quick list of some of the more widely used in the 19th century and earlier.
2 Pints make 1 quart4 Quarts equals 1 gallon8 Gallons equals 1 firkin of ale9 Gallons equals 1 firkin of beer2 Firkins 1 equals kilderkin2 Kilderkins equals 1 barrel3 Kilderkins equals 1 hogshead3 Barrels equals 1 butt
4 Gills make 1 pint2 Pints equals 1 quart4 Quarts equals 1 gallon18 Gallons equals 1 rundlet2 ½ Rundlets equals 1 barrel1 ½ Barrel equals 1 tierce1 ½ or 63 gallons, 1 hogshead1 1/3 Hogshead equals 84 gallons or 1 puncheon1 puncheon, or 2 hogsheads, equals 1 pipe or butt2 Pipes equals 1 ton
2 Quarts make 1 pottle2 Pottles equals 1 gallon2 Gallons equals 1 peck4 Pecks, or 8 gal. equals 1 bushel8 Bushels equals 1 quarter or vat5 Quarters of wheat, beans, or peas equals 1 load10 Quarters of oats equals 1 load
2 Pints make 1 quart2 Quarts equals 1 pottle2 Potties equals 1 gallon2 Gallons equals 1 peck4 Pecks equals 1 bushel8 Bushels 1 quarter5 Quarters 1 weigh or load5 Pecks equals 1 bushel of water measure4 Bushels make 1 coomb10 Coombs equals 1 weigh2 Weighs equals 1 last of corn
4 Pecks make 1 bushel9 Bushels equals 1 vat or strike36 Bushels equals 1 chaldron21 Chaldrons equals 1 score
144 Square inches make one square foot9 Square feet equals 1 square yard30 ¼ Square yards equals 1 squ. pole, perch or rod40 Squ. poles equals 1 square rood4 Squ. roods equals 1 square acre640 Squ. acres equals 1 square mile
2 ¼ Inches make 1 nail4 Nails equals 1 quarter of a yard4 Quarters equals 1 yard5 Quarters equals 1 ell English3 Quarters equals 1 ell Flemish6 Quarters equals 1 ell French
3 Inches make 1 palm3 Palms equals 1 span1 Span, or 12 inches equals 1 foot1 ½ Foot equals 1 cubit2 Cubits equals 1 yard1 Yard and 2/3 equals 1 pace1 Pace and 1 5th, or 6 feet equals 1 fathom2 Fathoms and 4 equals 1 pole16 ½ Feet, or 5 ½ yards equals 1 pole40 Poles equals 1 furlong8 Furlongs equals 1 mile3 Miles equals 1 League20 Leagues equals 1 degree69 Miles equals 1 geo. degree
1728 Cubic inches equals 1 foot27 Cubic feet equals 1 cubic yard
16 Drachms make 1 ounce16 Ounces equals 1 pound28 Pounds equals 1 quarter of a hundred4 Quarters equals 1 hundred, or 112 lbs.20 Hundred equals 1 ton
7 Pounds make 1 clove2 Cloves equals 1 stone2 Stone equals 1 tod6 ½ Tod equals 1 weigh2 Weighs equals 1 sack12 Sacks equals 1 last
4 Grains make 1 carat24 Grains equals 1 pennyweight20 Pennyweights equals 1 ounce12 Ounces equals 1 pound
20 Grains make 1 scruple3 Scruples equals 1 drachm8 Drachms equals 1 ounce12 Ounces equals 1 pound or pint
A half peck equals 8lb 11oz 0drA quartern equals 4lb 5oz 8dr
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